As the Summer Olympics begin this week there may be athletes walking around Beijing wearing
face masks to protect themselves from the city’s pollution before
they compete. But, do these masks really help?
Jonathan Parson, a pulmonologist affiliated with the sports
medicine center at Ohio State University has some answers.
What happens to your lungs when you breathe polluted
air?
The airways get inflamed, and when they get inflamed they get narrower. The
walls of the airway get fatter and swollen and the hole gets smaller. There’s
less room to breathe. When you get a person that is competing at the Olympic
level, where fractions of seconds mean winning a gold medal or not winning a
medal at all, if your airways are narrowed it could make a huge difference.
What does wearing a mask do?
It’s going to reduce the level of dust and fine particulates that get into
the airways. In theory, it would protect you to the point where there would be
less inflammation, less airway narrowing than the person who had not been
wearing a mask. It hasn’t been shown definitively to be protective, but to be
perfectly honest there really isn’t anything else you can do. If I was an
athlete, I would do it.
Are there pollutants a mask doesn’t filter out?
The gases — sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone. There’s
a ton of them. Those are all toxic to the airways, and the airway narrowing can
occur as a result of any of these. All these are created from fossil fuel
burning. It’s basically like breathing an exhaust pipe from a car.
Would wearing a mask during competition be a good idea?
No. Wearing a mask, first of all, you’re going to be
reducing the amount of air that you can move in and out of your airway. The raw
physiology of the situation is you need to deliver as much oxygen to your
muscles as possible to get the maximal performance. A mask is going to restrict
that. Plus, I think it would be uncomfortable and may make you feel
claustrophobic.